Influenza, just like the common cold, is a viral respiratory infection that affects the nose, throat and lungs. Viruses are spread from person to person through airborne droplets that are sneezed out or coughed up by an infected person. In some cases, the viruses can be spread when a person touches an infected surface (e.g., doorknobs, countertops, telephones) and then touches his or her nose, mouth, or eyes.
Many people confuse the flu with a bad cold.
The peak time for the flu is November to April which is called the flu season. Hospitalization and death can occur due to the flu mostly among high-risk populations, such as those with medical conditions (diabetes or cancer) or weakened immune systems, seniors or very young children.
There are three types of influenza viruses; A, B and C. Type A influenza causes the most serious problems in humans.
There are over 200 different known cold viruses. In Canada, the peak times for colds are at the start of the school year in the fall, in mid-winter, and again in early spring.
Children catch approximately eight colds per year, adults about four, and seniors about two.
Symptoms |
Flu |
Cold |
---|---|---|
Fever |
Usually present, high (102°F to 104°F or 38°C to 41°C); lasts 3 to 4 days. |
Uncommon |
Headache |
Very common (can be severe). |
Uncommon |
Aches & Pains |
Common and often severe. |
Slight |
Fatigue & Weakness |
Starts early, can be severe, and can last up to 14 to 21 days. |
Mild |
Extreme Exhaustion |
Very common at the start. |
Never |
Stuffy Nose |
Sometimes |
Common |
Sneezing |
Sometimes |
Common |
Sore Throat |
Sometimes |
Common |
Chest Discomfort, Cough |
Common |
Mild to moderate, hacking cough. |
Complications |
Can lead to pneumonia or respiratory failure; can worsen a current chronic condition; can be life-threatening. |
Can lead to sinus congestion or earache. |
People infected with an influenza or cold virus become contagious 24 hours after the virus enters the body (often before symptoms appear). Adults remain infectious (can spread the virus to others) for about 6 days, and children remain infectious for up to ten days.
For additional information, contact Waterloo Region Public Health Unit:
chd.region.waterloo.on.ca ›